Microprocessors and Microcontrollers (8086)

8-bit processor (8086):

Microprocessors (8086) All internal registers, as well as internal and external data buses, are 16 bits wide, which firmly established the 8086’s “16-bit microprocessor” identity.

 A 20-bit external address bus provides a physical address space of 1 MB . This address space is addressed by “segmenting” the internal memory.

The data bus is multiplexed with the address bus to fit all control lines into a standard 40-pin dual inline package. Provides a 16-bit I/O address bus that supports 64 KB of independent I/O space. The maximum linear address space is limited to 64 KB, simply because the internal address/index registers are only 16 bits wide.

8086 has a 16-bit flag register.

Segmentation

Microprocessors (8086)There are also three 16-bit segment registers (see figure) that allow the 8086 CPU to access a megabyte of memory in an unusual way.

Drivers (8051):

 The most widely used microcontrollers in various fields such as embedded systems, consumer electronics, automobiles, etc.

8051 is an 8-bit microcontroller, that is, the data bus of the 8051 microcontroller (both internal and external) is 8 bits wide. It is a CISC-based microcontroller with Harvard architecture (separate program and data memory).

Technically called the Intel MCS-51 architecture, the 8051 series of microcontrollers was developed by Intel in the 1980s.

The 8051 microcontroller has many functions such as serial communication, timers, interrupts, etc.

Originally, 8051 microcontrollers were developed using N-MOS technology, but the use of battery-powered devices and their low power consumption led to the use of CMOS technology.

Due to its low power consumption, smaller size and simple architecture, IP 8051 cores are used in FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).

The design of a microcontroller includes a CPU, ROM, RAM,